مستودع البحوث والمنشورات العلمية — كلية هندسة النفط والغاز

A new heterocyclic organic corrosion inhibitor, the Schiff base [N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)methanimine], has been prepared by reflux distillation. Its properties have been analyzed by means of FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI-Mass, SEM and EDS spectroscopic techniques. This synthesized chemical was used as a corrosion inhibitor in our study at various concentrations (0.0001, 0.0005, 0.001, and 0.005 M) and temperatures (298, 308, and 318 K) on carbon steel N80 in 1 M HCl and was studied by potentiodynamic polarization methods (Tafel plots). The findings proved that with an increase in concentration and temperature of the inhibitor, the percentage of inhibition efficiency (%IE) elevates. The most excellent corrosion inhibition efficiency of 95.71% was reached at 0.005 M at 318 K in 1 M HCl. The results of Sh1 as a corrosion inhibitor indicated that the adsorption of the inhibitor on the surface of carbon steel was of physisorption type and obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Accordingly, we also studied the activation energy, and thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, including the free energy ΔG0, enthalpy ΔH0, and entropy change ΔS0. This electrochemical method (Tafel extrapolation) along with SEM and EDS techniques confirmed that this prepared inhibitor protects carbon steel from corrosion by forming a film (protection layer) on its surface.

This study prepared the azo compound (A) and the Schiff base compound (S) from the same amine compound 3-aminopyridine. The identity of these two prepared compounds was confirmed using several techniques: via FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI-Mass, SEM, and EDS spectroscopic techniques. These two compounds were applied as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel N80 by taking several molar concentrations: 0.0001; 0.0005; 0.001 and 0.005 M, at different temperatures of 298, 308 and 318 K in an acidic medium of HCl at a concentration of one molar. The technique used in this study is electrochemical polarization (Tafel curves). The results obtained from this study confirmed that the corrosion current is high in the absence of inhibitors but decreases in the presence of inhibitors. Also, the corrosion current is inversely proportional to the increase in concentrations of organic inhibitors and directly proportional to the temperature increase. Besides, the percentage of inhibition efficiency increases with increasing temperature, indicating that the adsorption is chemisorption. We also studied the activation energy, and the following thermodynamic parameters have been calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm: free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy change (ΔS0). This electrochemical method (Tafel extrapolation) and SEM and EDS techniques have confirmed that these prepared inhibitors are effective against corrosion through the formation of a protective film on the surface of carbon steel.

A variety of NiP-TiC-SiC nanocomposite coatings were deposited to acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) substrates at varying plating periods and bath temperatures using electroless plating. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) demonstrates the production of various coating morphologies. Morphology analysis of the deposit coatings shows homogenous, compact, and nodular structured coatings free of any apparent defects in most deposition conditions, except at extra high-temperature deposition baths, some gas bubbles under the coating layers were seen. The patterns of X-ray diffraction (XRD) illustrate nickel peaks at 44.5 which relates to Ni (111). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) data show that the coating’s main constituents are nickel, phosphorus, and nanoparticles. According to the results of the contact angle test, the potentiodynamic polarization, and the impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests conducted in (3.5%) of NaCl by weight at (25 °C), the nanocomposite coating that was created at 90 min and 75 °C exhibited the best hydrophobic qualities and corrosion resistance. The coating formed at 30 min and 75 °C illustrates the best hardness value. The adhesion force was calculated using the ASTM D 3359 method (B). The findings demonstrate that the coating made under the following deposition conditions, 30 min at 75 °C, 30 min at 95 °C, and 90 min at 75 °C, produces the best bonding strength between the coating and ABS substrate (standard classification 5B); however, the complete gas bubble rejection process from the substrate is rendered difficult by deposition times longer than 30 min in a bath over 85 °C, which decreases the adhesion between NiP-TiC-SiC and the acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene substrate. The wear rate shows a direct relationship with the coefficient of friction rather than hardness, and the coated prepared at 90 min at 75 °C offers a lower wear rate and coefficient of friction. © 2024 by the authors.

The pressing concern of climate change and the imperative to mitigate CO2 emissions have significantly influenced the selection of outdoor plant species. Consequently, evaluating CO2’s environmental effects on plants has become integral to the decision-making process. Notably, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings is significant in tackling the consequences of climate change and addressing energy deficiencies. This article presents a novel approach by introducing plant panels as an integral component in future building designs, epitomizing the next generation of sustainable structures and offering a new and sustainable building solution. The integration of environmentally friendly building materials enhances buildings’ indoor environments. Consequently, it becomes crucial to analyze manufacturing processes in order to reduce energy consumption, minimize waste generation, and incorporate green technologies. In this context, experimentation was conducted on six distinct plant species, revealing that the energy-saving potential of different plant types on buildings varies significantly. This finding contributes to the economy’s improvement and fosters enhanced health-related and environmental responsibility. The proposed plant panels harmonize various building components and embody a strategic approach to promote health and well-being through bio-innovation. Furthermore, this innovative solution seeks to provide a sustainable alternative by addressing the challenges of unsustainable practices, outdated standards, limited implementation of new technologies, and excessive administrative barriers in the construction industry. The obtained outcomes will provide stakeholders within the building sector with pertinent data concerning performance and durability. Furthermore, these results will enable producers to acquire essential information, facilitating product improvement. © 2023 by the authors.

Brain computer interface (BCI) is a protocol to communicate between the human brain and a device or application using brain signals. These signals translated to useful commands by using features extraction and classification. The most widely used features is the power of alpha and beta rhythms. This type of features gives only 70% of classification accuracy without any extra processing using fixed channels to read the signals. Because the distribution of the power in the brain is not a standard for all people, each one has his own brain power map. A selection algorithm is used to find the best channels that could generate higher power than the fixed ones. Modified camel travelling behavior algorithm is used to select the channels that used to extract the power of alpha and beta bands of motor imagery signals. This algorithm is faster to find the best set of channels, and obtain classification accuracy more than 95% using support vector machine classifier. © 2023,Telkomnika (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control). All Rights Reserved.

Improving the air quality and preserving the residents’ comfort are the main tasks of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems in different buildings. A large number of control methods have been applied to HVAC systems to adjust the indoor temperature of buildings and at the same time to minimize the energy consumption and the energy cost, to reduce the peak load of the grid, and to provide ancillary services such as frequency regulation. This paper reviews different techniques proposed for HVAC systems modeling. Then, the HVAC system control methods are reviewed comprehensively and the main features of them are extracted. Furthermore, an HVAC system model is proposed and the performance of it is compared with the RLF (residential load factor) model with and without applying the Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy (TSF) controller. The simulation results are obtained and analyzed for the proposed HVAC system and the RLF model from different aspects. The results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed model. Moreover, the energy consumption of an HVAC system, controlled by a TSF controller, along a day is evaluated. The results show an energy saving of 10.06% of the proposed HVAC system as compared with the RLF model.

This paper presents Model-based Reinforcement Learning (MB-RL) techniques to control the indoor air temperature, and CO2 concentration level, and minimize the energy consumption of the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, simultaneously. For this purpose, a trade-off is made between maintaining indoor comfort levels and minimizing energy consumption. The control of the HVAC system is performed using the Deterministic Policy RL (DP-RL) method. Moreover, the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous neural network (NARX-NN) is employed as an approximation function with DP-RL method to provide a hybrid DP-NARX-RL controller. By applying the DP-RL and DP-NARX-RL controllers to the HVAC system of a typical building, parameters such as the indoor comfort levels, the electrical power, and energy consumed, and the energy costs at various pricing schemes are evaluated for two case studies. In both cases, the results show the better performance of DP-NARX-RL compared to DP-RL, RL, and PID controllers.

In some fields, such as the semiconductor manufacturing process, museum, pharmaceutical, and medicine manufacturing industry, the HVAC system needs a very fast response time to protect products and more energy-efficient buildings than traditional controllers. So, the proposed controller is designed to overcome such problems by using integrated fuzzy PI-PD Mamdani-type (FPIPDM) and cluster adaptive training based on Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (CABTSK) type. The spans of the fuzzy membership functions of the FPIPDM are tuned online by the Nelder-Mead simplex search (NMSS) algorithm to minimize time response, while the CABTSK model is tuned offline and online using a gradient descent (GD) algorithm to enhance the stability of the overall system and reject disturbances. Then, the integration framework is used to enable the concept of time-optimal based on the bang-bang code delegation. In this sense, a selected switch delegates the execution of proper control code to the action processor that provides computational resources to control indoor conditions. The predicted mean vote (PMV) index provides a higher comfort level than the temperature, as it considers six variables related to thermal comfort. The results of the proposed structure show that it improves the overall output accuracy and significantly reduces the response time. Furthermore, it increases the robustness of the indoor conditions and it is quite applicable to the MIMO HVAC systems processes with strong coupling actions between temperature and humidity, large time delay, noise, disturbances, nonlinearities, and imprecise identification model.

During the past decade, the remarkable technology of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging has improved continually. Oil companies are using NMR measurements for an ever-growing number and range of applications, such as characterizing formation fluids during reservoir evaluation and assessing formation producibility. Besides the conventional well logs, to get a better understanding on flow behavior, the relationship of porosity and permeability of reservoir units, reservoir zonation and flow units were defined, three methods were used (Stratigraphic Flow Profile, Stratigraphic Modified Lorenz Plot and Flow Zone Indicator) and made anew NMR facies classification for the studied interval in seven selected oil wells (Bu-24, Bu-37, Bu-39, Bu-40, Bu-41, Bu-51, Bu-52), the results from these methods used to make the 3D modeling that give the best view of the heterogeneity in the field and led to focused on the best properties in the field in the south anticline and in the north anticline in the wells(Bu-24 and Bu-51) respectively.

Permeability and porosity values regarded as important fundamentals in the petroleum studies and researches especially for the interests in the reservoir topics, many methods and tools were founded for this purpose from time to time. The modern log technology one of this tools but consumes more time and financial possibilities in addition to the experts, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Tools which considered one of the unconventional logs, so that, for this it was necessary to find a method to get the permeability and porosity values for the NMR log by using the conventional logs, note that it has been confirmed the modern studies the high accuracy and reliability for the NMR permeability and NMR porosity. Because the importance of this values , this study deals with the possibility of get these values from the conventional logs with these from NMR log, because of ease dealing with conventional logs and ease of getting it. After making the data analyses and processing this study results that led to putting many transformation formulas which give high correlations to high accuracy applying for this values in the researching and applying aspects and relating with reservoir prediction and modeling which connecting with drilling and producing works. The carbonate Mishrif Fm. In the Buzurgan oil field was selected to achieve this study by chose four oil production wells(Bu-40, Bu-51, Bu-52) in the south and north domes, in the future facilitate the prediction ways for any well has been logged by the open hole logs.

New heterocyclic azo compounds were prepared by coupling the diazonium salts with N-(4-methylphenyl)maleimide with various different sulfa compounds. The structure of heterocyclic azo compounds was determined by MS, FT-IR and 1H NMR techniques. The density function theory calculation at the B3LYP method with 6-311G(d,p) basis set is used to investigate the electronic structures of the prepared heterocyclic azo compounds. Mulliken charge distributions and HOMO-LUMO energies of the mentioned compounds have been also computed by same method and basis set.

الوصف This paper presents two methods used for three closed-loop speed controllers of Variable-Voltage Variable-Frequency (VVVF) triple 3-phase Induction Motors (IMs) master/slave system. A dynamic dq model of a 3-phase IM in state space form and its computer simulation in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software package are described. The two different methods of speed control that are used to improve the performance of the three IMs drive systems are named conventional PI controller and PID controller. For the PID speed controller, simulation results clearly show that the response of the system is superior compared to the PI speed controller in terms of rise time, settling time, accuracy, and steady-state error. The design, analysis, and speed responses of the system obtained under both controllers have been simulated, studied, and compared using the MATLAB/Simulink environment for different operating conditions such as sudden changes in reference speed and load torque. The simulation results showed good synchronization between the master and the slave IMs with suitable tracking error

(Lu2, Lu4, Lu8, Lu أجريت الدراسة ل( 241 ) أنموذجا من أللباب الصخري لتكوين الزبير في حقل أللحيس للآبار , 13 وإستحصال نتائج الفحوصات البتروفيزيائية (المسامية والنفاذية)، فضلا عن إجراء فحوصات ،Lu14, Lu19, Lu20) اللباب الخاصة(الضغط الشعيري والنفاذية النسبية) ل( 49 ) إنموذجا. قسم تكوين الزبير(عضو السجيل الأعلى) الى أربع وحدات مكمنية مختلفة الإنتاجية(وحدة مكمنية ذات إنتاجية جيدة جدا، وحدة مكمنية ذات إنتاجية جيدة، وحدة مكمنية ذات إنتاجية متوسطة، وحدة مكمنية ذات إنتاجية ضعيفة) وأظهرت الدراسة تحسن المواصفات البتروفيزيائية المكمنية بإتجاه شمال وغرب الحقل. كما تم تقييم أدائية نظام إزاحة النفط بالماء للوحدتين المكمنيتين(ذات الإنتاجية الجيدة جدا وذات الإنتاجية الجيدة) واللتان تمثلان الوحدتين المكمنيتين الرئيسيتين إذ تبين ان الحاجة لزيادة عمليات الإنتاج ورفع الضغوط المكمنية وتحسين الإستخلاص النفطي بحاجة الى حقن كميات كبيرة من المياه والذي سيؤدي بدوره الى حدوث الخرق المائي المبكر والتي ستعود بجدوى غير إقتصادية في عمليات الإنتاج النفطي.

This paper suggests the use of the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to control the speed of multi Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs). The PMSMs are commonly used in industrial applications due to their high steady state torque, high power, high efficiency, low inertia and simple control of their drives compared to the other motors drives. In the present study a mathematical model of three phase four poles PMSM is given and simulated. The closed loop speed control for this type of motors with voltage source inverter and abc to dq blocks are designed. The multi (Master/Slaves approach) method is proposed for PMSMs. Mathwork's Matlab/Simulink software package is selected to implement this model. The simulation results have illustrated that this control method can control the multi PMSMs successfully and give better performance.